Sexual harassment of workplace is of two kinds:

1. Quid pro quo
2. Hostile work environment

Quid pro quo is a Latin term which literally means ‘this for that’.

Quid pro quo sexual harassment means subjecting a woman to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favours, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature on account of the following:

• To force the woman to agree with such conduct by promising/threatening her (explicitly or implicitly) preferential/detrimental treatment in her job. For example: if you agree to accompany me on a study tour, I will give you a promotion or in case you refuse, I will transfer you to another place.
• Submission to or rejection of such conduct by the woman is used as the basis for deciding the future course of her job. For example: if you refuse to obey my demand, I will not renew your contract.

No. The act does not necessarily have to occur at workplace only. It could occur in any of the following places:

• Social event organised by your employer,
 
• During work-related travel,
 
• At a client or customer’s premises,
 
• At training events, business lunches or dinners, promotional campaigns or public relations events with clients, customers or prospective partners or
 
• During the course of work-related phone conversations or communications via electronic media.

If you feel comfortable in approaching the harasser yourself, you could directly tell the perpetrator that you find his behaviour unwelcome or inappropriate and ask him not to repeat. Or

You can approach the Internal Complaints Committee established within your organization under Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act (the SH Act), 2013 with a written complaint. Or

In case, your organisation does not have ICC or if you want to make a complaint against the employer himself or if you work in the capacity of domestic help, then you can lodge your complaint with Local Complaints Committee established in your respective district under the SH Act. Or,

You can contact the nearest police station to lodge an FIR against the perpetrator.

Every organization has to constitute an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) having following members

• Chairperson – Women working at senior level in the organisation
 
• 2 Members (at least) – Amongst employees committed to women issues, have legal knowledge or experience in social work
 
• 1 Member – from NGO

If the organisation has workplaces located at different places or division or sub-division level, then ICC will be constituted at every workplace.

The State Government will notify the District Magistrate/Additional District Magistrate/ Collector/ Deputy Collector as District Officer in every district, who will constitute a Local Complaints Committee (LCC) so as to enable women in the unorganised sector or small establishments to work in an environment free of sexual harassment. The LCC will have following members:

• Chairperson- Nominated from amongst the eminent women in the field of social work and committed to the cause of women
 
• Member- Nominated from amongst the women working in the block, taluka or tehsil or ward or municipality in the district
 
• 2 Members- Nominated from amongst such NGO/ associations/persons committed to the cause of women or familiar with the issues relating to sexual harassment, provided that:
  • At least one must be a woman
   
  • At least one must have a background of law or legal knowledge
• Ex Officio member - The concerned officer dealing with social welfare or women and child development in the district

For locating LCC or one of its members, one can adopt following measures:

• • Contact the District Officer’s office
   
  • Contact One Stop Centre/Women Helpline (toll free thorugh181, 100 etc.) functioning in your district/State
   
  • Contact the State Commission for Women
   
  • Contact the State Department of Women and Child Development/department looking after women issues

• Aggrieved Women Herself, or

 

• In case of physical incapacity

  • Her relative
   
  • Friend
   
  • Co worker
   
  • Officer of NCW or SCW
   
  • Any person who has knowledge of incident with the written consent of complainant

• In case of mental incapacity
  • Her relative
   
  • Friend
   
  • Special educator
   
  • Qualified psychiatrist or psychologist
   
  • Guardian or authority under whose care she is receiving treatment or care
   
  • Any person who has knowledge of incident jointly with any person mentioned above

• In case woman is unable to file complain for any other reason, by any person who has knowledge of incident with her written consent
 
• In case of woman’s death by:
  • Any person who has knowledge of incident with the written consent of her legal heir
   
  • Legal Heir

In case, aggrieved woman is unable to submit written complaint, the Complaints Committee will provide her all assistance so that the complaint could be submitted in written form.

Further, if the Complaints Committee is satisfied, it can extend the time limit for submission of complaint (not exceeding three months), however the reason for such exentsion will be recordedin writing.

The Complaints Committee (ICC/LCC) will conduct an inquiry into the complaint by calling all the concerned parties i.e. complainant, respondent [the person(s) against whom complaint is being made], witnesses etc. Later, on the basis of the testimonies of the concerned parties and evidences (documentary or otherwise) gathered, the Committee will frame its findings, which will be shared with the employer.

If the Committee comes to the conclusion that the allegations against the respondent are genuine, it shall recommend action that needs to be taken by the employer against such person. However, if the Committee concludes after inquiry that no case is being made against the respondent, it shall recommend that no action to be taken against the respondent.

During the inquiry, at the written request of complainant, ICC can provide following interim reliefs to the complainant:

• Transfer the complainant or respondent to any other place
 
• Grant leave to the complainant for upto 3 months in addition to her entitled leave
 
• Restrain the respondent from reporting on the work performance/ writing confidential report of aggrieved
 
• Restrain the respondent from supervising academic activities of aggrieved

• As prescribed under the Service Rules
 
• In case service rules do not exist
  • Disciplinary action including written apology, reprimand, warning, censure
   
  • withholding of promotion/ pay raise/ increment
   
  • Termination of employment
   
  • Undergo counselling
   
  • Community service
• Deduction from salary for:
  • Mental Trauma, pain, suffering and emotional distress caused
   
  • Medical expenses incurred
   
  • The loss of career opportunity
   
  • The income and financial status of respondent
• If the amount is not paid it can be recovered as arrear of land revenue

Yes, the SH Act envisages a time bound inquiry which needs to adhere to following timelines:

The Act prohibits the disclosure of:

• Identity and address of complainant, respondent and witnesses
 
• Information pertaining to conciliatory/ inquiry proceedings or recommendation of ICC or action taken by the employer.

Breach of confidentially will invite a penalty of Rs. 5,000/- which will be collected by the employer

Exception: Dissemination of information regarding the justice secured without disclosure of name, address, identity and particulars of complainant or witnesses

• Formulation of an Anti Sexual Harassment Policy
 
• Display within organisations the penal consequences of sexual harassment at places where it could be viewed by majority of the people
 
• Create an ICC at each location and display their contact details
 
• Sensitisation and training of employees and ICC members
 
• Provide administrative support and monitor timely submission of reports by ICC
 
• Mention the number of cases filed and disposed of under the SH Act within organisation’s annual report.
 
• Help the aggrieved women in registering criminal case, if she so desires.